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Group Member Names (please write group member name in your color; group work will be completed in black)
Julia Lee, Hyenah Shim , Lisa Yoon , Sooah Chung , Everybody

Unknown Terms
**refugee:** a person who is forced off their country because of war. **humanitarian:** concerned with or seeking human welfare. **drought:** a period where there is no rain or water. **famine:** an extreme scarcity of food. **mortality:** the state of being subject of death. **militia:** a military force that is raised from a civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency. **insurgent**: rising in active revolt. **casualty:** a person killed or injured in war or accident. **human rights:** the rights of the people. **persecution:** to harass because of a race or a religion.

List of Facts
**Somalia:**
 * A lot of donation sites= aid groups
 * UN calls for assistance for 11 million NOW
 * Culture says poor and hungry people have high spirituality
 * Civil War
 * Emigrate to Kenya
 * Refugees- 1400 people everyday!

 **Know:** Social Studies Folder
 * The steps: Somalia had a drought recently, which has exacerbated the background and displaced a quarter of its population. à Al Shabab (the terrorist organization) is stealing objects from Somalia, which weakened the government. à Over 860,000 Somalis have fled to the neighbor countries, such as Kenya and Ethiopia. à Kenya, Ethiopia, and other neighbor countries are also getting worse by accepting fleeing refugees. à More than 12.4 million people are affected by the drought and ten thousands died in Horn of Africa. à There is an assumption that severe famine conditions will spread within two months if aid groups are not able to provide food and other lifesaving assistance to people inside Somalia.
 * **Horn of Africa:** Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Eritrea.
 * **Horn of Africa** is located in North-East Africa.
 * The country that is in the worst situation is Somalia- there are pirates and a terrorist organization called Al Shabab.
 * 50% Somalis are fleeing to Ethiopia, and 25% are fleeing to Kenya.

**Want to Know:**
 * What are the problems that Kenya and Ethiopia are suffering from?
 * What is Al Shabab trying to obtain from Somalia these days?

**People/ Groups Causing Problems:** ESOL class
 * Al Shabab
 * Al Qaeda
 * **Somali pirates**
 * **Rebels**
 * Warlords
 * Militia
 * No government

**People/ Group Helping:** ESOL class 
 * United Nations High Commission on Refugees
 * UNICEF
 * World Health Organization
 * USAID
 * UN Peacekeepers

**Problems (caused by people):** ESOL class 
 * Civil war
 * Terrorism
 * Anarchy
 * Piracy
 * Crime
 * Child soldiers

**Problems (cause by nature):** ESOL class


 * **Drought**
 * **Famine**
 * **Disease**
 * **Sanitation**

**Life in a Refugee Camp:** ESOL class


 * **1,400 people flee into Kenya every day.**

**Security Issue:** ESOL class


 * **Suicide bombers**
 * **Kidnappers**
 * **Robberies**
 * **Piracy**

**Life in the Refugee Camps: **
 * There was a recent suicide bomb and 6 people died in the camp of Mogadishu.
 * The tents are made of clothes, sticks and the ropes hold it from falling.
 * Camp holds 2700 stick huts.
 * Temperature usually more than 40 ℃.
 * Babies whining and crying for food (mal-nutrition)
 * Not enough food to feed the young.
 * Average length a Somali lives (50 years old)
 * Tens of Thousands of people are likely to die of starvation.
 * People who are currently starving right now (750,000 people)
 * Countries around Somalia (Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti) are affected because of the invaders from the refugee camp.

**Food:**
 * There is not enough food to feed all the children in the refugee camp.
 * Wealthy people in Somalia: Breakfast-pancakes Lunch-pasta Dinner- soup, fish, rice, sauce etc.
 * 750,000 people in Somalia living in the refugee camps are starving to death.
 * 4 million people need humanitarian because of lack of nutrition or diseases.
 * Out of the 4 million people, 3 million were in the South and spread to the east.
 * Tens of thousands of people had died, but half of them are children.
 * Somalia used to be stable in 1991, but after the fight between the rebels and the government troops, it has raised the humanitarian crisis in Somalia.
 * The drought also disabled the plants from growing, so they did not have enough food to give to the people in such a large refugee camp.
 * About 11.5 million are starving and in emergency because of diseases in the Horn of Africa.
 * 11 million people in Horn of Africa require food assistance due to the region's worst drought in half a century
 * Organizations are providing food, water, and primary education in the Dadaab Refugee camps.
 * Two years drought :
 * Food inflation (50% of normal)
 * Food shortages are affecting as many as 12 million people
 * Child malnutrition rates up to 55%
 * Predictions are that the number of people at risk will soon rise to 15 million.
 * Caused by Wars

**Environment:**
 * Somalia is known that it has the most dangerous environment on Earth.
 * The increasing aridity in Somalia led to deforestation and extension of deserted areas.
 * In a 5-year period, Somalis can anticipate two years of drought.
 * Even if the Somalis tried there best to save the animals on the planet by not hunting or killing any animals, but they were affected because of the number of livestock.
 * Fifty-seven types of plants were extinct and 8 bird species were endangered because of livestock.
 * Endangered species in Somalia include the black rhinoceros, Pelzeln's dorcas gazelle, Swayne's hartebeest, and the green sea, hawksbill, and leatherback turtle.
 * About 65% of the people don’t have reliable resource to water.
 * Less than 50% of the people live in households with sanitary means of disposing excreta.
 * Poor hygiene and environmental sanitation are the major causes to diseases such as cholera


 * Piracy: **
 * Over 60 ships have been attacked by the Somali pirates so far.
 * Pirates have been demanding and receiving over million dollars but now their demands are getting higher and higher every time.
 * Piracy is growing year by year, making the international trade centers hard for them to trade world-wide.
 * Some Somali pirates have associated with international terrorist networks.
 * Pirates are making hard for the international relief associations to deliver food into Somalia. It costs a fortune and takes a long time.
 * Piracy can cause a major environmental disaster in the surrounding seas if a ship is sunk or is set on fire.


 * Terrors: **
 * There had been some violent kidnappings and assassinations in 2008~2011, that involves suicide bombs, guns, and grenades.
 * Terrorists have been attacking international relief workers and news reporters.
 * Al Shabaab controls a large part of southern Somalia. Therefore it’s one of the most dangerous places to be in Somalia. Most of the kidnapping, assassinations, and banditry occurs here. Grenades and thrown into public markets.

**Al Qaeda:**
 * Al Qaeda is an Islamist terrorist organization led by Osama Bin Laden. It was formed in 1988 and it still exists now.
 * Al Qaeda has striked many different countries, especially Horn of Africa.
 * Suicide bombs, simultaneous bombs at different targets are examples of techniques that Al Qaeda used.
 * Al Qaeda established headquarters for Al Qaeda in Sudan.
 * Sudan was the No. 1 target of Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda also set up terrorist training camps in several surrounding countries.


 * Relationships of Al Qaeda and Al Shabaab: **
 * Al Qaeda aligned with Al Shabaab for the first time in August 2011.
 * Their major goal of forming alliance was to establish an Isamic state in Somalia, but now they're stepping forward to play a larger role in the global terrorist network.


 * AlShabaab **
 * Militant Islamic group
 * U.S governments are forcing the organizations that are giving out food to Somalia to not let Alshabaab take those food sources.
 * It's illegal to give out and provide food to terrorists, which is why every organizations are being extra careful.
 * Organizations are having difficulties on donating food because there are several rules that can affect themselves.

**Education in Somalia:**
 * The number of school had increased but the quality is still bad.
 * Schools are concentrated in urban areas
 * Primary education features nine subject: Arabic, Islamic Studies, Somali, Mathematics, science, social studies, english, physical education and arts and crafts.
 * Secondary Education mostly involves more advanced mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, Somali, Arabic, Islamic Studies, English, Physical Education, Geography, and History.
 * Most schools have 40 periods of 45 minutes each
 * In Tertiary Level, the mostly learn completion of secondary education. They prepare for colleges especially Puntland State University, Bosaso College, and Mogadishu University.
 * There are another school that teaches religions.


 * Schooling Information: ALL GROUP CONTRIBUTED NOTES **
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Somalia's GDP per capita is half of Haiti's
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Somalia has 33 underweight children for every 1 in the U.S.
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Somalia's female literacy percentage is 24% lower than the male's (the males are more important than the females and the females have to stay home and work)
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Why does Somalia have such low GDP compared to compared to neighboring countries? (they don't have a government and nobody is helping them and most people are dying so they will not care about the GDP)
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Most of Somalia's population are children.
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cuba and Russia have 100% in literacy
 * <span style="color: #0d0c0c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For every 1000 people in Somalia, there are 0.04 doctors.

**Extra (Somalia vs. South Africa):** **Why South African people die in an early age?**
 * In the South Africa, there is a wildly spread disease called AIDS.
 * AIDS are passed onto each other with unsafe equipment used or when the blood gets sent from one person with AIDS to another.
 * People don’t die of AIDS, they die when they have a cold, especially because South Africa is very close to the south.
 * AIDS can kill people faster than starvation or other diseases.
 * AIDS are more deadly when there are people that are poor.
 * Having not enough food can kill people, but AIDS do as well.
 * South Africa has the highest amount of people with AIDS.
 * About 5.9 million people had AIDS in South Africa in 2009.
 * About 17.8% of the South African people had AIDS.
 * There was not enough treatment to cure all the people, so about 178,000 people died of AIDS.


 * Extra 2:**
 * Somalia's unemployment is NA, because they are not in the right condition to work.
 * If Kenya help or donate money for Somali refugee camps, the government of Kenya will corrupt because they don't have enough money (GDP) either.
 * Most of infants are dying in Somalia, because of cold (South-East Africa).
 * <range type="comment" id="62499">Famine has been one of the major problems of Somalia.
 * <range type="comment" id="944">Over 750,000 people in Somalian Refugee Camps are starving.
 * <range type="comment" id="221872">Even though scarcity of food is a major problem in refugee camps, the people from other countries (Al Shabaab and Al Qaeda) are sometimes stealing the food from the camps.
 * The drought for two years have affected the Somalian food and the crops.
 * <range type="comment" id="764408">Even though the Somalis try their best to save their country by not hurting or killing animals, but they were still endangered because of the amount of livestock.

** Database: ** https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html

SOMALIA MEDIAN AGE TOTAL: 17.8 YEARS Male: 17.8 Female: 17.7

__ Ethnic Groups in Somalia: __** Somali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including 30.000 Arabs). ** 0-14 years: 44.7% (male 2,217/ female 2,217,063) 15-64 years: 52.9% (male 2,663,729/ female 2,588,716) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 95,859/ female 142,383)

** Life Expectancy: ** male- 48.49 years, female- 52.37 years

**__ Drinking Water Source (2008): __** ** Improved: ** In the city: 67% of population Rural: 9% of population Total: 30% of population ** Unimproved: ** In the city: 33% of population In the country: 91% of population Total: 70% of population

** __HIV/AIDS:__ ** ** People living with AIDS/HIV: ** 34,000 ** Deaths: ** 1,600 ** Children under the age of 5 years underweight: ** 32.8%

<range type="comment" id="649496">Summarize the Problem
Famine has been the most important problem in Somalia. The drought that begun in the refugee camps for two years ago and that is the major reason why there are not enough food. There is no land to grow the crops for the farmers. There isn't even a government in Somalia and this is another problem because there is nobody that can handle the countries for them. Over 750,000 people are dying of starvation and over 4 million people need humanitarian because of lack or nutrition and diseases like cholera and AIDS. 32.8% of the children who are under the age of 5 are underweight and an average Somali's life expectancy is 50 years. Even though the Somalis are having trouble because of starvation and diseases, people who visit the refugee camps don't help the Somalis, they only take pictures of them starving and are waiting for hope to come.

List of Assumptions
** Assumptions: **
 * The tents in Somalia are probably made by branches and the objects they have there.
 * Since the ground of the tent is sand, when there is a sandstorm, sand may get into their lungs and cause diseases.
 * Since there is a drought in Somalia, the people will either get their food shipped from other countries or get food that is not grown from ground.
 * Drought may have been the major reason why there is famine in these countries because there used to be a family with 30 cows and so many goats but now they are all dead.
 * Famine has been the main problem in Somalia, but Al Shabaab and Al Qaeda had stolen some of the food, and it made the country worse.
 * The mothers in Somalia know their children will die in an early age, but the poor mothers have more babies because they don't know the safety issues. Research has found out that mothers with less or no education have more babies.

=== <range type="comment" id="602102">List of Learning Needs (once you find the answer to each question, you will write a summary sentence or two and the citation beside the question). Note, that you will add to this list throughout the entire project. ===

1. Specifically, what are the effects when there is a drought and how is this related to diseases? 2. Why are the other countries affected because of Somalia? Is it because of the drought? 3. Why do the children and adults need education? How important is it? 4. How do the Somalis get the food? Is it from other countries? 5. Why are most of the people who have malnutrition are children? 6. Why do so many people die a day?